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NCLEX Question of the Day
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A client is started on lisinopril for hypertension. What instruction is most crucial for the nurse to provide regarding potential side effects?
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"A persistent dry cough is common, but usually harmless."
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"You might feel dizzy when standing up, so change positions slowly."
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"Avoid using salt substitutes that contain potassium."
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Correct answer "Report any facial swelling or difficulty breathing immediately."
Rationale
Lisinopril is an ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) inhibitor. While dizziness (orthostatic hypotension), dry cough, and hyperkalemia (necessitating avoidance of potassium-containing salt substitutes) are known side effects, the most crucial and potentially life-threatening adverse effect is angioedema. Angioedema involves swelling of the face, lips, tongue, throat, and extremities, which can rapidly compromise the airway. Clients must be instructed to seek immediate medical attention if these symptoms occur.
While the other side effects are important to mention for management and adherence, angioedema represents an emergency requiring immediate intervention, making it the most critical instruction regarding potential side effects.
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