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NCLEX Question of the Day
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A patient with heart failure is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor closely?
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Hyperkalemia
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Hypernatremia
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Correct answer Hypokalemia
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Hypercalcemia
Rationale
When administering furosemide (Lasix), a loop diuretic commonly used in heart failure management, the nurse should closely monitor for hypokalemia. Furosemide works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle and distal renal tubule. This action also increases potassium excretion, potentially leading to hypokalemia.
Hypokalemia can cause serious complications, including cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and in severe cases, paralysis. Regular monitoring of serum potassium levels and watching for clinical signs of hypokalemia (such as muscle cramps, weakness, or ECG changes) is crucial.
Hyperkalemia is not typically associated with furosemide use. Hypercalcemia and hypernatremia are also not primary concerns with this medication. In fact, furosemide can sometimes be used to treat hypercalcemia by increasing calcium excretion.
Nurses should be aware of this potential side effect and educate patients about the importance of adhering to any prescribed potassium supplements or dietary modifications to maintain normal potassium levels while on furosemide therapy.
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